Skip to start of content

Home → Publications → Reports → Technical and background paper series → 11 → References (in: Crimes against business : a review of victimisation, predictors and prevention)

Crimes against business : a review of victimisation, predictors and prevention

Download

References

  • Alexander D 1998. A report on the ACM survey into the cost of crime in Australian industry. Paper presented at the Crime against business conference convened by the AIC, 18-19 June, Melbourne
  • Amandus HE, Zahm D, Friedmann R, Ruback RB, Block C, Weiss J, Rogan D, Holmes W, Bynum T, Hoffman D, McManus R, Malcan J, Wellford C & Kessler D 1996. Employee injuries and convenience store robberies in selected metropolitan areas. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 38(7): 714-20
  • Anderson D, Chenery S & Pease K 1995. Biting back: tackling repeat burglary and car crime. Crime detection and prevention series paper 58 London: Police Research Group, Home Office
  • Anderson P 1999. New prey for cash bandits. Herald Sun (Melbourne) 10 May: 15
  • Ashton J, Brown I, Senior B & Pease K 1998. Repeat victimisation: offender accounts. International journal of risk, security and crime prevention 13(4): 269-79
  • Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) 2000. Don't get burned: how to avoid shonky businesses and reduce your chances of being swindled. downloaded January 2001
  • Bamfield J 1994. National survey of retail theft and security, 1994. Northampton: Nene College, School of Business
  • Bamfield J & Hollinger RC 1996. Managing losses in the retail store: a comparison of loss prevention activity in the United States and Great Britain. Security journal 7(1): 61-70
  • Barker M & Bridgeman C 1994. Preventing vandalism: what works? Crime detection and prevention series paper 56 London: Police Research Group, Home Office
  • Baron K 1998. Vulnerable retail outlets - experiences of service stations. Paper presented at the Crime against business conference convened by the AIC, 18-19 June, Melbourne
  • Bastian R 2000. Crime soars - small business pays the price. Small business at work 1(1): 21
  • Beale D, Cox T, Clarke D, Lawrence C & Leather P 1998. Temporal architecture of violent incidents. Journal of occupational health psychology 3(1): 65-82
  • Beaton A, Cook M, Kavanagh M & Herrington C 2000. The psychological impact of burglary. Psychology, crime and law 6(1): 33-43
  • Beck A & Willis A 1990. Victims of violence: a report for Dixons Stores Group Security Department. Centre for the Study of Public Order, University of Leicester
  • --- 1991. Trouble in stores. Police review 19(12): 16-17
  • Beck A, Gill M, Sampson J & Willis A 1993. Violent victimisation in retailing: a national survey. Centre for the Study of Public Order, University of Leicester
  • Bellamy L 1996. Situational crime prevention and convenience store robbery. Security journal 7: 41-52
  • Bowers KJ, Hirschfield A & Johnson SD 1998. Victimisation revisited: a case study of non-residential repeat burglary on Merseyside. British journal of criminology 38(3): 429-52
  • Boyd N 1995. Violence in the workplace in British Columbia: a preliminary investigation. Canadian journal of criminology 37(4): 491-519
  • Brantingham PJ, Brantingham PL & Wong PS 1991. How public transit feeds private crime: notes on the Vancouver 'skytrain' experience. Security journal 2(2): 91-5
  • British Chamber of Commerce 1997. Small firms survey on crime. London: British Chamber of Commerce
  • British Oil Security Syndicate (BOSS) 2000a. New security system cracks down on crime in Fife. Press release, 25 February
  • --- 2000b. BOSS survey reveals scale of forecourt crime. http://www.B-O-S-S.co.uk/facts_figs.htm downloaded February 2001
  • British Retail Consortium (BRC) 1998. Fifth annual survey of crime: 1997. London: BRC
  • Budd T 1999. Violence at work: findings from the British crime survey. London: Home Office and Health and Safety Executive
  • Budden M 1999. Preventing shoplifting without being sued: practical advice for retail executives. Westport, Conn: Quorum Books
  • Bullivant R 1999. Anger over high crime level in W. Queanbeyan. Queanbeyan Age 19 July: 1
  • Burrows J 1988. Retail crime: prevention through crime analysis. Home Office Crime Prevention Unit paper no. 11. London: Home Office
  • --- 1991. Making crime prevention pay: initiatives from business. Crime Prevention Unit paper no. 27. London: Home Office
  • Burrows J, Anderson S, Bamfield J, Hopkins M & Ingram D 1999a. Crimes against business in Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Business Crime Centre
  • --- 1999b. Counting the cost: crime against business in Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive; Scottish Business Crime Centre
  • Cameron MO 1964. The booster and the snitch: department store shoplifting. New York: Free Press of Glencoe
  • Centre for Retail Research 2000. UK retail crime statistics: the national survey of retail crime and security. http://www.retailing.uk.com/report1.html, downloaded October 2000
  • Chappell D & Di Martino V 1998. Violence at work. Geneva: International Labour Office
  • Chenery S, Ellingsworth D, Tseloni A & Pease K 1996. Crimes which repeat: undigested evidence from the British crime survey 1992. International journal of risk, security and crime prevention 1(3): 207-16
  • Chenery S, Holt J & Pease K 1997. Biting back II: reducing repeat victimisation in Huddersfield. Crime detection and prevention series paper no. 82 London: Police Research Group, Home Office
  • City of Boulder Police Department 1999. Small business crime prevention. http://bcn.boulder.co.us/boulder/police/prevention/business.htm, downloaded February 2001
  • Cohen LE & Felson M 1979. Social change and crime rate trends. American sociological review 44: 588-608
  • Cook B, David F & Grant A 1999 Victims' needs, victims' rights: policies and programs for victims of crime in Australia. Research and public policy series no. 19, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
  • Cornish D & Clarke R 1986. The reasoning criminal. New York: Springer-Verlag
  • Crime Prevention News 1999a. Known thieves banned. Crime prevention news: 8, January-March, London: Home Office
  • --- 1999b. Shoplifters on the run. Crime prevention news January-March, London: Home Office: 8
  • Crime Prevention Unit, Attorney-General's Department of South Australia 1998. 1997, Retail crime and safety survey. Attorney-General's Department, South Australia
  • Cromie A. 1993. How retail crime pinches profits. Business review weekly, 4 June: 51-5
  • Crow WJ & Bull JL 1975. Robbery, deterrence: an applied behavioral science demonstration. La Jolla, WBSI
  • Crystal T 1999. Hunter crime clean-up but rise in armed robbery of small businesses. Newcastle Herald 13 May: 14
  • Cullen P 2001. Robbers plague milk bar owner. Herald Sun (Melbourne) 1 February: 11
  • Davis RC, Taylor B & Lurgio AJ 1996. Adjusting to criminal victimisation: the correlates of postcrime distress. Violence and victims 11(1): 21-38
  • Dean A 1998. The age of rage. The Bulletin: 20-30
  • Eijken TWM & Meijer RF 1995. Prevalence and prevention of crime against businesses in the Netherlands. Security journal 6: 37-46
  • Ekblom P 1986. The prevention of shop theft: an approach through crime analysis. Home Office Crime Prevention Unit paper no. 5, London: Home Office
  • --- 1988. Getting the best out of crime analysis. Crime Prevention Unit paper no. 10, London: Home Office
  • Ekblom P & Tilley N 2000. Going equipped: criminology, situational crime prevention and the resourceful offender. British journal of criminology 40(3): 376-98
  • Ekblom P & Simon F 1988. Crime and racial harassment in Asian run small shops: the scope for prevention. Crime Prevention Unit paper no. 15, London: Home Office
  • Ellingworth D, Hope T, Osboren DR, Trickett A & Pease K 1997. Prior victimisation and crime risk. International journal of risk, security and crime prevention 2(30): 201-214
  • Ernst & Young 2000. Fraud: the unmanaged risk: an international survey of the effect of fraud on business London: Ernst & Young
  • European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions 1997. Violence at work. Dublin: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
  • Everson S & Pease K 1995. Victim careers and criminal justice. Paper presented at the British criminology conference, Loughborough
  • Farrell G 1995. Preventing repeat victimization. In M Tonry & DP Farrington (eds) Building a safer society: strategic approaches to crime prevention. Crime and justice series, 19. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press
  • Farrell G, Phillips C & Pease K 1995. Like taking candy: why does repeat victimisation occur? British journal of criminology 35(3): 384-99
  • Farrington DP 1999. Measuring, explaining and preventing shoplifting: a review of British research. Security journal 12(1): 9-27
  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 1996. Uniform crime reports for the United States 1995. Washington D.C: US Department of Justice
  • Felson M 1996. Preventing retail theft: an application of environmental criminology. Security journal 7(1): 71-5
  • Felson M & Clarke R (eds) 1997. Business and crime prevention New York: Criminal Justice Press
  • Fisher B 1991. A neighborhood business area is hurting: crime, fear of crime, and disorders take their toll. Crime and delinquency 37(3): 363-73
  • Fisher B & Looye JW 2000. Crime and small businesses in the Midwest: an examination of overlooked issues in the United States. Security journal 13(2): 45-72
  • Foley B 1999. Police chief defends record on crime rate. The Age 14 August: 10
  • Forney JC, Crustsinger C & Arnold ER 1996. Teen shoplifting of clothing: normative influences, motivations and experience. Journal of family and consumer sciences, Spring: 15-21
  • Gallagher D, Lung K, Mallin E, Zhou Y & Caruso 1989. Small business, big problem: small business and crime in New York City, 1989. New York: Interface
  • Gifford P 2000. Preventing, detecting and investigating fraud and corruption: lessons from the NSW experience. Paper presented at the Fraud prevention and control conference convened by the AIC in association with the Commonwealth Attorney-General's Department, Surfers Paradise, 24-25 August
  • Gill M 1998a. The victimisation of business: indicators of risk and the direction of future research. International review of victimology 6: 17-28
  • --- (ed) 1998b. Crime at work: increasing the risk for offenders. Crime at work series vol 2, Leicester: Perpetuity Press
  • Gill M & Turbin V 1996. Insurance and security in the inner-city: a report to Birmingham City Challenge Group. Scarman Centre for the Study of Public Order, University of Leicester
  • Gill M, Bilby C & Turbin V 1999. Retail security: understanding what deters shop thieves. Journal of security administration 22(1): 29-39
  • Gill M, Salmon M & Hill J 1993. Crime on holiday. Research paper, Crime order and policing series. Scarman Centre for the Study of Public Order, University of Leicester.
  • Giuliano B (ed) 1998. Survival and beyond: an anthology of stories by victims of crime and a victims' resource guide. Canberra: National Association for Loss and Grief, ACT Inc
  • Goodman F 1993. Beating crime in your business is your business. Federation of Small Businesses, Birmingham
  • Grainger C 1995. Violence: a study of armed hold-up over a four-year period in a single organisation. Journal of occupational health and safety: Australia and New Zealand 11(3): 281-7
  • Grocers' Review 2000. Retail crime one of the top 10 industries in New Zealand. April: 24-5
  • Hackman JR & Oldham GR 1976. Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory. Organizational behavior and human performance vol 16: 250-79
  • Hagopian A 1999-2000. Industry losing battle against crime. Security Australia December-January: 16-17
  • Hakim S & Shachmurove Y 1996. Spatial and temporal patterns of commercial burglaries: the evidence examined. American journal of economics and sociology 55(4): 443-56
  • Hayes R 1997a. Retail theft: an analysis of apprehended shoplifters. Security journal 8: 233-46
  • --- 1997b. Crime and loss control training: US retailers' response to rising theft, competition and risk. International journal of risk, security and crime prevention 2(4): 267-78
  • --- 2000. US retail store detectives: an analysis of their focus, selection and training. Security journal 13: 7-20
  • Hearnden K 1994. The impact of crime and violence on women's work and careers: a preliminary report based on 404 British respondents. Security journal 5(2): 56-69
  • Heinzelmann F 1981. Crime prevention and the physical environment. In DA Lewis (ed) Reactions to crime. Beverly Hills, California: Sage
  • Heskett S 1996. Workplace violence: before, during and after. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann
  • Hibberd M & Shapland J 1993. Violence in small shops. London: The Police Foundation
  • Hillier J 2000. Mall practice. Police review 108(5576): 23-5
  • Hollinger R 1997. Measuring crime and its impact in the business environment. In M Felson & R Clarke (eds) Business and crime prevention. Monsey, New York: Criminal Justice Press
  • --- 1998. National retail security survey final report. Gainesville, Florida: Department of Sociology and Center for Studies in Criminology and Law, University of Florida
  • Home Office 1999. Community crime reduction partnerships: the retail contribution. London Home Office
  • --- 2000a. Preventing customer theft - a guide for retailers. London: Home Office
  • --- 2000b. Preventing burglary - a guide for retailers. London: Home Office
  • Homel R & Clarke J 1994. The prediction and prevention of violence in pubs and clubs. Prevention studies 3: 1-46
  • Homel R, Tomsen S & Thommeny J 1992. Public drinking and violence: not just an alcohol problem. Journal of drug issues 22: 679-97
  • Hopkins M 1998. Abuse and violence within the workplace: a study of small business in Leicester. International journal of risk, security and crime prevention 3(4): 293-304
  • Hopkins M 2002. Crimes against businesses: the way forward for future research. British journal of criminology vol 42: 782-797
  • Hosie J 2000. AFP to help businesses stay safe. Canberra Times 28 October: 9
  • Hughes SM 2001. Violence in the workplace: identifying costs and preventative solutions. Security journal 14(1): 67-74
  • Hume J 1996. Service stations: training targets violence. Security Australia, September: 24-26
  • --- 1997a. Pharmacies: soft targets for crime. Security Australia, August: 40
  • --- 1997b. Crime: a part of life. Security Australia, August: 41
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) 1998. Violence on the job - a global problem: taxi drivers, health care workers, teachers among those at highest risk. Press release 20 July, released simultaneously in Geneva and Washington DC
  • Jammers V 1995. Commercial robbery in the Netherlands: crime analysis in practice. European journal on criminal policy and research 3(3): 12-36
  • Jenkins LE 1996. Workplace homicide: industries and occupations at high risk. Occupational medicine 11(2): 219-25
  • Johnston V, Leitner M, Shapland J & Wiles P 1994. Crime on industrial estates. Crime Prevention Unit series paper no 54 London: Police Research Group, Home Office
  • Kinney J 1993. Health hazards to children in the service industries. American journal of industrial medicine 24(3): 291-300
  • Klein RL, Leong GB & Silva JA 1996. Employee sabotage in the workplace: a biopsychosocial model. Journal of forensic sciences 41(1): 52-5
  • Klemke LW 1992. The sociology of shoplifting: boosters and snitches today. Westport Connecticut: Praeger Publishers
  • Krasnovsky T & Lane RC 1998. Shoplifting: a review of the literature. Aggression and violent behavior 3(3): 219-35
  • Kuratko DF, Hornsby JS, Naffziger DW & Hodgetts, RM 2000. Crime and small business: an exploratory study of cost and prevention issues in US firms. Journal of business management 38(3): 1-11
  • Lamontage Y, Lancert-Lamontage C, Hétu C, Carpentier N & Člie R 1996. Shoplifting: a retrospective survey. RCCMP gazette 58(11): 20-22
  • Laycock G 1992. Operation identification, or the power of publicity? In R Clarke (ed) Situational crime prevention: successful case studies. New York: Harrow & Heston
  • Leather P & Lawrence C 1995. Perceiving pub violence: the symbolic influence of social and environmental factors. British journal of social psychology 34: 395-407
  • Leather P, Beale P & Lawrence C 1997. Effects of exposure to occupational violence and the mediating impact of fear. Work & stress 11(4): 329-40
  • Litton RA 2000. Criminological research and the insurance industry. Security journal (13)2: 31-48
  • Manseau H & Normandeau A 1981. Victims of armed robbery. Revue de droit penal et de crminologie 61(6): 545-59
  • Marlow A & Wells M 1997. The impact of crime on small business. Police journal: 117-26
  • Masuda B 1996. An alternative approach to the credit card fraud problem. Security journal 7: 15-21
  • Mayhew C, Quinlan M & Bennett L 1996. The effects of subcontracting/outsourcing on occupational health and safety. Sydney: NSW Industrial Relations Research Centre, University of New South Wales
  • McCarthy B 1995. Not just 'for the thrill of it': an instrumentalist elaboration of Katz's explanation of sneaky thrill property crimes. Criminology 33(4): 519-38
  • McDevitt OJ, Pattavina A, Miliano R & Pierce G 1991. The impact of crime on small business viability. Washington DC: US Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice
  • McDonald D & Brown M 1997. Indicators of aggressive behaviour: report to the Minister for Health and Family Services from an expert working group. Research and public policy series no. 8. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
  • Meier RF & Miethe TD 1993. Understanding theories of criminal victimization. Crime and justice 17: 459-99
  • Miles S 1999. Beat crime and win. Vedette 173: 20-21
  • Mirrlees-Black C & Ross A 1995a. Crime against retail premises in 1993. Research findings no. 26 London: Home Office Research and Statistics Department, Home Office
  • --- 1995b. Crimes against manufacturing premises in 1993. Research findings no. 27. London: Home Office Research and Statistics Department, Home Office
  • --- 1995c. Crime against retail and manufacturing premises: findings from the 1994 Commercial victimisation survey Home Office research study 146. London
  • National Association of Convenience Stores (NACS) 1991. Convenience store security: report and recommendations. Alexandria, Va.
  • National Exclusion Unit 1998. Bringing Britain together: a national strategy for neighbourhood renewal. London: Cabinet Office
  • National Pharmaceutical Association (NPA) 2000. Crime is on the up, but so are the deterrents. http://www.atalink.co.ul/npa2000/html/p227sensormatic.htm, downloaded October 2000
  • Naudé CMB, Prinsloo JH & Martins JH 1999. Crimes against the South African business sector. http://www.victimology.nl/onlpub/otherdocs/vicsurveys.html#Naudé1, downloaded January 2001
  • Nelson D & Perrone S 2000. Understanding and controlling retail theft. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 152, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
  • Newcastle Herald 1999. Bandits hit homes, small shops. Newcastle Herald 16 August: 12
  • North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public Safety 1994. Business crime prevention: security pays. Crime Prevention Division, Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, US Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, NC
  • NorthWestern National Life Insurance Company 1993. Fear and violence in the workplace. Minneapolis, Minn: Northwestern National Life Insurance Co
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 1998. Recommendations for workplace violence prevention programs in late-night retail establishments. OSHA 3153, Washington DC: US Department of Labor
  • Ogilvie E 2000. Knives and armed robbery. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 159, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
  • Palmer D 2000. Retail shrinkage costs retailers billions. Security Australia 20(9):14-15
  • Pease K 1992. Preventing burglary on a British public housing rstate. In RV Clarke (ed) Situational crime prevention: successful case studies. Albany, New York: Harrow & Heston
  • --- 1998. Repeat victimisation: taking stock. Crime detection and prevention series paper no. 90 London: Police Research Group, Home Office
  • Perrone S 2000. Crimes against small business in Australia: a preliminary analysis. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 184, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
  • Polvi N, Looman T, Humphries C & Pease K 1990. Repeat break-and-enter victimisation: time course and crime prevention opportunity. Journal of police science and administration 17(1): 8-11
  • Porter L, Steers RM, Mowday RT & Bnoulian PV 1974. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of applied psychology 48: 603-9
  • Powell D 1993. Out west: perceptions of Sydney's western suburbs. Sydney: Allen & Unwin
  • Prenzler T & Townsley M 1998. The prospects for burglary prevention in Australia. Current issues in criminal justice 9(3): 294-311
  • Ratcliffe J & McCullagh M 1999. Burglary, victimisation, and social deprivation. Crime prevention and community safety: an international journal 1(2): 37-46
  • Retail Council of Canada (RCC) 1999-2000. Canadian retail security report http://www.retailcouncil.org/research/crsr1999.asp, downloaded December 2000
  • Rozenkrans R 1995. Fraud: an increasing problem for business today. Security journal 6: 47-52
  • Salancik G & Pfeffer J 1973. Social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design. Administrative science quarterly 23: 224-52
  • Salmelainen P 1995. The correlates of offending frequency: a study of juvenile theft offenders in detention. Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, NSW Department of Attorney-General
  • Sarasalo E, Bergman B & Toth J 1997. Kleptomania-like behaviour and psychosocial characteristics among shoplifters. Legal and criminological psychology 2(5): 92
  • Sennewald CA & Christman JH 1992. Shoplifting. Stoneham, Mass.: Butterworth-Heinemann
  • Schuller N & Deane M 2000. Open for business: community safety partnerships and business crime. Unpublished Crime and social policy briefing, London: NACRO
  • Scottish Office Crime Prevention Unit 1997. Know fraud, no fraud. London: Stationery Office
  • Seider JJ 1996. To catch a thief, try this: peddling high-tech solutions to shoplifting. US news and world report 121(12): 71
  • Small Business Letter 1998. Zeroing in on the crims hurting your business. Small business letter 23(517): 8-9
  • Smith A & Walmsley R 1999. The nature and extent of construction plant theft. Police research series paper no. 117 London: Policing and Reducing Crime Unit: Home Office
  • Snyder NH, Broome OW & Zimmerman K 1989. Using internal controls to reduce employee theft in small businesses. Journal of small business management 27(3): 48-55
  • Sparks RF 1981. Multiple victimisation: evidence, theory and future research. Journal of criminal law and criminology 72: 762-78
  • Sparrow J & Goodman F 2000. Small business considerations in collaborating upon crime management. Security journal: 21-31
  • Steinmetz CHD 1995. Contacts with a violent public: profit and non-profit organizations. Security journal 6: 61-9
  • Stewart CA 1999. Small businesses - facing up to crime, Scottish Business Crime Centre. Stirling: Stirling University
  • Sutton S & Hazlehurst KM 1996. Crime prevention. In KM Hazlehurst (ed) Crime and justice: an Australian textbook in criminology. Sydney: LBC Information Services
  • Taylor G 1999. Using repeat victimisation to counter commercial burglary: the Leicester experience. Security journal 12(1): 41-52
  • Taylor N 2002 Robbery against service stations and pharmacies: recent trends. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 223, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
  • Taylor N & Mayhew P 2002a. Patterns of victimisation among small retail businesses. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 221, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
  • Taylor N & Mayhew P 2002b. Financial and psychological costs of crime for small retail businesses. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 229, Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
  • Tilley N 1993. The prevention of crime against small businesses: the Safer cities experience. Crime Prevention Unit paper no. 45, London: Home Office
  • Tilley N & Hopkins M 1998. Business as usual: an evaluation of the small business and crime initiative. Police research series paper no. 95 London: Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office
  • Tilley N & Webb J 1994. Burglary reduction: findings from Safer cities schemes. Police Research series paper no. 51 London: Policing and Reducing Crime Unit, Home Office
  • Toal M 1999. Thieves strike 'soft targets'. Border Mail 14 August: 14
  • Tonglet M 2000. Consumer misbehaviour: consumers' perceptions of shoplifting and retail security. Security journal 13(4): 19-33
  • Townsley M, Homel R & Chaseling J 2000. Repeat burglary victimisation: spatial and temporal patterns. Australian and New Zealand journal of criminology 33(1): 37-63
  • Traub SH 1996. Battling employee crime: a review of corporate strategies and programs. Crime and delinquency 42(2): 244-56
  • Trumfio G 1995. Most managers fall short on interviewing skills. Sales and marketing management April: 34
  • Turbin V 1998. Shrinkage figures and data corruption: lies, damned lies and statistics. In M Gill (ed) Crime at work: increasing the risk for offenders vol. 2. Leicester: Perpetuity Press
  • US Small Business Administration 2000. Curtailing crime - inside and out. Crime prevention series, Washington DC: US Government Printing Office
  • van Dijk JJM & Terlouw GJ 1996. An international perspective of the business community as victims of fraud and crime. Security journal 7: 157-67
  • Victims Of Crime Service (VOCS) 1994. Most armed robberies are committed in less than 3 minutes. VOCS quarterly 15(3): 5-8
  • Walker J 1994. The first national survey of crimes against businesses. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology
  • Warchol G 1998. Workplace violence, 1992-96. Bureau of Justice Statistics special report - National crime victimization survey, Washington DC: US Department of Justice
  • Warr M 1989. What is the perceived seriousness of crime? Criminology 27: 795-821
  • Weinstein S 1998. Loss leaders. Progressive grocer 77(9): 57-65
  • West J 2000. The cities of Mitcham and Unley crime prevention program, 2000 Retail crime and safety survey, summary prepared for retail traders within the Cities of Unley and Mitcham. http://www.mitchamcouncil.sa.gov.au/frames/services/crime_prev/surveysummary.htm, downloaded December 2000
  • Willis A, Beck A & Gill M 1999. Violent victimization of staff in the retail sector. Journal of security administration 22(2): 23-30
  • Wood J, Wheelwright G & Burrows J 1997. Crime against small business: meeting the challenges. Swindon, UK: Crime Concern