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Cybercrime
Online grooming, exploitation and sexual abuse of children
Information and communication technologies (ICT) have created a new space in which children can both learn and play. It is a space of both opportunity and risk where they can develop but where they may also become the victims of crime or engage in illegal behaviour themselves.
ICT enables offenders to target children individually or collectively. Possible motives include personal gratification of the offender, often by way of sexual exploitation; making money; or enticing children to gain access to email or websites from which viruses may be launched or the security of the child's computer may be compromised.
ICT can also support criminal exploitation of children without the child being directly involved. For example, it may be used to facilitate access, storage, trade or possession of child pornography; to support information sharing among pedophile networks; and to assist with the organisation of illegal activities such as child prostitution. Such activities can be done in relative secrecy.
See also: Cyberstalking and harassment; Child abuse images and pornography; Practical prevention guides : children and internet safety
Australian reports and papers
- Online child grooming laws
Australian Institute of Criminology, 2008 - Cyber bullying : issues for policy makers
Australian Institute of Criminology, 2007 - Child exploitation
Australian Institute of Criminology, 2005 - Child pornography sentencing in New South Wales
Australian Institute of Criminology, 2005 - Does thinking make it so? Defining online child pornography possession offences
Tony Krone. Australian Institute of Criminology, 2005 - International police operations against online child pornography
Tony Krone. Australian Institute of Criminology, 2005 - Operation Auxin : the Australian response to online child exploitation
Tony Krone. Royal Canadian Mounted Police gazette, 67(3) 2005 - Queensland police stings in online chat rooms
Tony Krone. Australian Institute of Criminology, 2005 - Strengthening child pornography laws : the Criminal Code (Child Pornography and Abuse) Amendment Bill 2004 (Qld) (PDF 142kB)
Nicolee Dixon. Queensland Parliamentary Library, 2005 - The problem of regulating online child pornography
Tony Krone, ABC Radio National transcript, 2004 - A typology of online child pornography offending
Tony Krone. Australian Institute of Criminology, 2004. See also fact sheet: A typology of online child pornography offending - Child sexual offences : an update on initiatives in the criminal justice system
Rowena Johns, NSW Parliamentary Library, 2003 - Youth and pornography in Australia : evidence on the extent of exposure and the likely effects (PDF 124kB)
Michael Flood and Clive Hamilton. The Australia Institute, 2003 - Catching 'cyber predators' : the Sexual Offences (Protection of Children) Amendment Bill 2002 (Qld)
Nicolee Dixon. Queensland Parliamentary Library, 2002 - Child abuse and the internet
Janet Stanley, AIFS Child abuse prevention issues, 2001 - Child safety on the internet : an analysis of Victorian schools using the routine activity approach
Shane McKenzie, University of Melbourne, 2000 - Internet and child victimisation
Marni Feather. Children and crime: victims and offenders conference, 1999 - Paedophile internet activity
Patrick Forde and Andrew Patterson, 1998 - Organised criminal paedophile activity
Parliamentary Joint Committee on the National Crime Authority, 1995
Links
Other countries and international - reports and papers
- Violence against children in cyberspace : a contribution to the United Nations study on violence against children (PDF 1.58MB)
ECPAT International, 2005 - Child pornography possessors arrested in internet-related crimes : findings from the national juvenile online victimization study (PDF 249kB)
Janis Wolak, David Finkelhor, and Kimberly J Mitchell. US National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, 2005 - Images of abuse : a review of the evidence on child abuse
Emma Renold and Susan J Creighton with Chris Atkinson and John Carr. National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (UK), 2003 - Internet sex crimes against minors : the response of law enforcement (PDF 226kB)
Janis Wolak, Kimberly Mitchell and David Finkelhor. National Center for Missing & Exploited Children, 2003 - Mobile frontiers : past, present and future internet safety (PDF 1.43MB)
Cyberspace Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire (UK), 2003 - A typology of cybersexploitation and online grooming practices (PDF 132kB)
Rachel O'Connell. Cyberspace Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire (UK), 2003 - A cybercop's guide to internet child safety (PDF 1.68MB)
Glen Klinkart, 2002 - Protecting children online : an ECPAT guide (PDF 1.13MB)
ECPAT International, 2002 - Internet crimes against children
US Department of Justice, Office for Victims of Crime bulletin, 2001 - NetSafe : the New Zealand model for internet (ICT) safety education (PDF 155kB)
Liz Butterfield. Growing Australia online conference, 2002 - Chat wise, street wise - children and internet chat services (PDF 151kB)
Internet Crime Forum (UK) IRC Subgroup, 2001 - Online grooming and UK law (PDF 82kB)
ChildNet International, 2001 - Online victimization : a report on the nation's youth (PDF 410kB)
David Finkelhor, Kimberly J Mitchell and Janis Wolak. Crimes Against Children Research Center (US), 2000 - The unknown crisis : child pornography on the internet
ACPO, 2000 - The contribution of hotlines to combating child pornography on the internet (PDF 50kB)
Nigel Williams. Childnet International, 1999 - Sexual abuse of children, child pornography and paedophilia on the internet : an international challenge (PDF 563kB)
Alex Hermoso. UNESCO expert meeting on sexual abuse of children, child pornography and paedophilia on the internet, 1999 - Sexual abuse on the internet : a new challenge for Interpol (PDF 504kB)
Mme Agnès Fournier de Saint Maur. UNESCO expert meeting on sexual abuse of children, child pornography and paedophilia on the internet, 1999 - Review of the Internet Watch Foundation (PDF 66kB)
ChildNet International, 1998 - Child pornography : an international perspective
Margaret A Healy. World Congress against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, 1996