Indigenous justice in Australia

Overseas approaches to Indigenous justice

Models of restorative conferencing are utilised for indigenous people in countries such as New Zealand, Canada and the United States. Within these jurisdictions, alternative methods and approaches are adopted, including: victim-offender mediation, community reparative boards, family group conferencing and circle sentencing. Many of these restorative justice models draw upon traditional justice practices and principles used in indigenous cultures.

See also:

• Restorative justice: an international perspective
• Crime prevention and indigenous communities : current international strategies and programmes (PDF 454kB)
  Laura Capobianco and Margaret Shaw. International Centre for the Prevention of Crime, 2003
• Restorative justice in diverse and unequal societies (PDF 62kB)
  Kathleen Daly, 1999

New Zealand

• Maori strategic plan 1 July 2003 - 30 June 2008 (PDF 898kB)
  New Zealand Department of Corrections, 2003
• Research on the New Life Akoranga Programme of the Mahi Tahi Trust (PDF 643kB)
  Nan Wehipeihana and Laurie Porima, with Philip Spier, New Zealand Ministry of Justice. December 2003
• Family group conferencing
  Gordon Bazemore and Mark Umbreit, 2001. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (US), Juvenile justice bulletin, February 2001
• Rapua Te Huarahi Tika - Searching for solutions : a review of research about effective interventions for reducing offending by indigenous and ethnic minority youth
  Debbie Singh and Clem White. New Zealand Ministry of Youth Affairs, 2000
• Family group conferencing: the myth of indigenous empowerment in New Zealand
  Juan Marcellus Tauri. Native Law Center of Canada, Justice as healing newsletter
• The impact of crime prevention on Aboriginal communities
  Chris Cunneen, 2001.

Canada

• First Nations, Metis and Inuit children and youth : time to act (PDF 4.7MB)
  National Council of Welfare, Ottawa : National Council of Welfare. 2007
• Aboriginal Corrections Policy Unit
  Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, Canada
• Aboriginal Justice Implementation Commission
• Aboriginal Justice Learning Network
  Department of Justice Canada
• Creating a framework for the wisdom of the community : review of victim services in Nunavut, Northwest and Yukon territories
  Mary Beth Levan. Department of Justice Canada, 2003
• First nations, Metis, Inuit and non-Aboriginal federal offenders : a comparative profile (PDF 79kB)
  John-Patrick Moore. Correctional Service of Canada, 2003
• Communities, contraband and conflict: considering restorative responses to repairing the harms implicit in smuggling in the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation (PDF 186kB)
  E.J. Dickson-Gilmore, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 2002. Aboriginal organised crime in Canada and the potential of restorative justice.
• A one-day snapshot of Aboriginal youth in custody across Canada (PDF 2.36MB)
  Steven Bittle, Nathalie Quann, Tina Hattem and Danielle Muise, Department of Justice Canada, 2002
• The (re)introduction of restorative justice in Kahnawake: "Beyond Indigenization"
  Susan Haslip, E law journal article, 2002
• Circle sentencing
  Gordon Bazemore and Mark Umbreit, 2001. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Juvenile justice bulletin, February 2001
• An Aboriginal justice system
  Urban Alliance on Race Relations, Currents journal, 1990. The development of a separate system of justice for the Native people of Canada
• Establishing a pilot restorative justice program for juveniles (PDF 63kB)
  Alison Gerencser. Virgil Hawkins Juvenile Mediation Clinic, University of Florida. Example of a mediation process with the involvement of the victim and offender, and comparison of retributive and restorative models
• The impact of crime prevention on Aboriginal communities
  Chris Cunneen, 2001.
• Aboriginal healing programs - an administrative perspective
  Mitch Kassen, Best practice interventions in corrections for Indigenous people conference, 1999

United States

• Tribal youth program
  Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, US Department of Justice
• Tribal healing to wellness courts: the key components
  Tribal Law and Policy Institute, US Department of Justice, 2003
• Tribal courts in the USA: some glimpses
  Garth Nettheim, Indigenous law bulletin, 2002
• Circle sentencing
  Gordon Bazemore and Mark Umbreit, 2001. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Juvenile justice bulletin, February 2001
• Family group conferencing
  Gordon Bazemore and Mark Umbreit, 2001. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Juvenile justice bulletin, February 2001
• Family group conferencing
  Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency, Prevention US Department of Justice, Restorative justice fact sheet
• National Tribal Justice Resource Centre: tribal courts
  National American Indian Court Judges Association
• The impact of crime prevention on Aboriginal communities
  Chris Cunneen, 2001.
• American Indians and crime
  Lawrence A Greenfield and Steven K Smith, US Department of Justice, 1999
• Indigenous justice systems and tribal society
  Ada Pecos Melton, JUDICATURE, the Journal of the American Judicature Society, 1995