Stories that matter: Learning from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people's experiences of the criminal legal system

URLs correct as at July 2025

Abbott P et al. 2018. Do programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people leaving prison meet their health and social support needs? Australian Journal of Rural Health 26(1): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12396

ABC News 2023. Voice Referendum live results and updates. https://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/referendum/2023/results

Aboriginal Exemption 2025. Home. https://aboriginalexemption.com.au

Aboriginal Justice 2024. Self-determination in justice. https://www.aboriginaljustice.vic.gov.au/the-agreement/self-determination-in-justice

After Prison Network 2024. About. https://afterprisonnetworkaustralia.wordpress.com/

Allison F, Cunneen C, Coombes L & Selcuk A 2025. If you don’t think racism exists come take a walk with us. The Call It Out Racism Register 2023–2024. Jumbunna Institute for Indigenous Education and Research

Anthony T, Jordan K, Walsh T, Markham F & Williams M 2021. 30 years on: Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody recommendations remain unimplemented. Australian National University

Anthony T, Sentance G & Behrendt L 2021. ‘We’re not being treated like mothers’: Listening to the stories of First Nations mothers in prison. Laws 10(3): 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws10030074

Anthony T, Sherwood J, Blagg H & Tranter K 2023. Unsettling colonial automobilities: Criminalisation and contested sovereignties. Leeds: Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781800710825

Antojado D, Budd J, Doyle C & Bartels L 2024. Criminal justice, representation and the lived experience scholar. Incarceration: An International Journal of Imprisonment, Detention and Coercive Confinement 5. https://doi.org/10.1177/26326663241275807

Antojado D & McPhee T 2024. Move over and make space for lived experience criminology: Why we do ‘lived experience’. Journal of Criminology 58(30): 485–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/26338076241286534

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2024a. Corrective services, Australia—September quarter, 2024. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/crime-and-justice/corrective-services-australia/sep-quarter-2024

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2024b. Prisoners in Australia, 2023. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/crime-and-justice/prisoners-australia/2023

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2023. Estimating homelessness: Census, 2021. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/housing/estimating-homelessness-census/latest-release

Australian Government 2024. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health performance framework—Child protection. https://www.indigenoushpf.gov.au/measures/2-12-child-protection

Australian Government 2023. Prison employment services for First Nations Peoples—Discussion paper. https://www.dewr.gov.au/time-work-employment-service/resources/prison-employment-services-first-nations-peoples-discussion-paper

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2019. Corrective services, Australia—September quarter, 2019. https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/crime-and-justice/corrective-services-australia/sep-quarter-2019

Australian Human Rights Commission 2024. An anti-racism framework: Voices of First Nations Peoples—First Nations consultations. https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/race-discrimination/publications/anti-racism-framework-voices-first-nations-peoples

Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission 1997. Bringing them home – Report of the national inquiry into the separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families. https://bth.humanrights.gov.au/the-report/bringing-them-home-report

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies 2024. Research ethics framework. https://aiatsis.gov.au/research/ethical-research/research-ethics-framework

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies 2020. AIATSIS code of ethics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research. https://aiatsis.gov.au/research/ethical-research/code-ethics

Australian Institute of Criminology 2024. Deaths in custody in Australia. https://www.aic.gov.au/statistics/deaths-custody-australia

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2023. Ear and hearing health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people 2023. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/indigenous-australians/ear-hearing-health-indigenous-people-2023/summary#

Australian Law Reform Commission 2017. Pathways to justice–Inquiry into the incarceration rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Final Report 133. https://www.alrc.gov.au/publication/pathways-to-justice-inquiry-into-the-incarceration-rate-of-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-peoples-alrc-report-133/

Baldry E 2013. Continuing systemic discrimination. In B Carlton & M Segrave (eds), Women exiting prison: Critical essays on gender, post-release support and survival. Routledge: 224–259

Bartels L 2024. 2023 sentencing review. Criminal Law Journal 47: 406–432

Bartels L 2019. The growth in remand and its impact on Indigenous over-representation in the criminal justice system. Research Brief 24. Indigenous Justice Clearinghouse. https://www.indigenousjustice.gov.au/publications/the-growth-in-remand-and-its-impact-on-indigenous-over-representation-in-the-criminal-justice-system/

Beaufils J 2024. ‘That’ll never happen because we don’t want white people to raise our kids’: Experiences of First Nations people in the New South Wales out-of-home care system (doctoral thesis). University of Technology, Sydney

Beaufils J, Cunneen C & Russell S 2021. Exploratory research into post-release community integration and supervision: The experiences of Aboriginal people with post-release parole supervision and reintegration in NSW. NSW Government

Beazley J 2023. Indigenous communities overwhelmingly voted yes to Australia’s voice to parliament. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/oct/15/indigenous-communities-overwhelmingly-voted-yes-to-australias-voice-to-parliament

Behrendt L & Vivian A 2010. Indigenous self-determination and the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities – A framework for discussion. Occasional Paper. Victorian Equal Opportunity and Human Rights Commission

Bessarab D & Ng’andu B 2010. Yarning about yarning as a legitimate method in Indigenous research. International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 3(1): 37–50. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v3i1.57

Bevis M, Atkinson J, McCarthy L & Sweet M 2020. Kunga’s trauma experiences and effects on behaviour in Central Australia. Research Report 03/2020. Sydney: ANROWS. https://www.anrows.org.au/publication/kungas-trauma-experiences-and-effects-on-behaviour-in-central-australia/

Birdiya Maya 2023. Birdiya Maya homelessness research project: Community report 2023. Wungening Aboriginal Corporation

Boffa C & Mackay A 2025. Hyperincarceration and human rights abuses of First Nations children in juvenile detention in Queensland and the Northern Territory. Current Issues in Criminal Justice 37(1): 58–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2023.2293317

Buti A 2002. We took the children from the mothers: What about the mothers (and fathers) then? Sister in Law Journal 6: 128–146

Central Australian Aboriginal Congress 2023. A statement from Indigenous Australians who supported the Voice referendum – A week of silence for the Voice. https://www.caac.org.au/news/a-week-of-silence-for-the-voice/

Closing the Gap 2024. National Agreement on Closing the Gap. https://www.closingthegap.gov.au/national-agreement

Conroy E & Williams M 2022. Preventing homelessness after release from government services. Open Publications of UTS Scholars (OPUS). https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/159680

Council of Australian Governments 2016. Prison to work. https://www.voced.edu.au/content/ngv%3A78682

Cubillo E 2021. 30th Anniversary of the RCIADIC and the ‘white noise’ of the justice system is loud and clear. Alternative Law Journal 46(3): 185. https://doi.org/10.1177/1037969X211019139

Cunneen C 2020. Conflict, politics and crime: Aboriginal communities and the police. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003115243

Cunneen C, Goldson B & Russell S 2016. Juvenile justice, young people and human rights in Australia. Current Issues in Criminal Justice 28(2): 173–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2016.12036067

Cunneen C & Tauri J 2019. Violence and Indigenous communities. In W DeKeseredy, C Rennison and A Hall- Sanchez (eds), The Routledge international handbook of violence studies. New York: Routledge: 350–361

Cunneen C & Tauri J 2016. Indigenous criminology. Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.56687/9781447321781-011

Darnett E, Peters A & Thielking M 2024. Psychologists’ experiences towards culturally responsive practices to strengthen social and emotional wellbeing with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients. Australian Journal of Psychology 76(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2024.2356116

Davis M 2019. Family is culture: Independent review into Aboriginal children and people in OOHC. NSW Government. https://dcj.nsw.gov.au/children-and-families/family-is-culture.html

De Maio J et al. 2005. The Western Australian Aboriginal child health survey: Measuring the social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal children and intergenerational effects of forced separation. Perth: Curtin University of Technology and Telethon Institute for Child Health Research

Deakin University 2023. Vale Emeritus Professor Joseph (Joe) Graffam. https://www.deakin.edu.au/about-deakin/news-and-media-releases/articles/vale-emeritus-professor-joseph-joe-graffam

Department of Justice, Western Australia 2021. Equal justice bench book, 2nd ed. https://www.supremecourt.wa.gov.au/E/equal_justice_bench_book.aspx

Doyle C, Gardner K & Wells K 2021. The importance of incorporating lived experience in efforts to reduce Australian reincarceration rates. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 10(2): 83–98. https://doi.org/10.5204/IJCJSD.1942

Doyle C, Yates S, Bartels L, Hopkins A & Taylor H 2024. ‘People say you’re going home, but I don’t have a home’: Housing after prison. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 68(13–14): 1403–1420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X221132226

Doyle C, Yates S, Bartels L, Hopkins A & Taylor H 2022. ‘If I don’t get a job in six months’ time, I can see myself being back in there’: Post-prison employment experiences of people in Canberra. Australian Journal of Social Issues 57(3): 627–643. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajs4.197

Dudgeon P & Walker R 2015. Decolonising Australian psychology: Discourses, strategies, and practice. Journal of Social and Political Psychology 3(1). https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v3i1.126

Geia L, Hayes B & Usher K 2013. Yarning/Aboriginal storytelling: Towards an understanding of an Indigenous perspective and its implications for research practice. Contemporary Nurse: A Journal for the Australian Nursing Profession 46(1): 13–17. https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2013.46.1.13

Government of Western Australia 2014. Evaluation of the Metropolitan Family Violence Court and evaluation of the Barndimalgu Court. Evaluation report prepared by Research and Analysis Branch, Department of the Attorney General

Graham L, Killingly C, Laurens K & Sweller N 2023. Overrepresentation of Indigenous students in school suspension, exclusion, and enrolment cancellation in Queensland: Is there a case for systemic inclusive school reform? Australian Educational Researcher 50(2): 167–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-021-00504-1

Grant S & Jacobs J 2022. The power of yindyamarra: How we can bring respect to Australian democracy. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/the-power-of-yindyamarra-how-we-can-bring-respect-to-australian-democracy-192164

Haswell M, Williams M, Blignault I, Grand Ortega M & Jackson Pulver L 2014. Returning home, back to community from custodial care: Learnings from the First Year Pilot Project evaluation of three sites around Australia. Research report. Sydney: Muru Marri, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW

Heenan K, Bond CEW & Lockwood K 2024. Cultural context and sentencing: Content analysis of sentencing remarks for Indigenous defendants of domestic violence in the Northern Territory, Australia. Psychology, Crime & Law 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2024.2376226

Henriques-Gomes L 2018. ‘Deeply sorry’: Western Australia police chief apologises to Indigenous people. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/jul/12/deeply-sorry-western-australia-police-chief-apologises-to-indigenous-people

Hopkins A, Anthony T, Bartels L, Henke E & Allen S 2023. Indigenous experience reports: Addressing silence and deficit discourse in sentencing. University of New South Wales Law Journal 46(2): 615–649. https://doi.org/10.53637/KJAT3372

Hunter J & Crittenden S 2023. The Australian jury in black & white: Barriers to Indigenous representation on juries. Research report. Sydney: Australasian Institute of Judicial Administration

Jenkins K 2024. Still grieving: Reflecting on the Voice referendum. Canberra Times. https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/8790117/still-grieving-reflecting-on-the-voice-referendum/

Joy R 2023. Fear of the dark: The racialised surveillance of Indigenous peoples in Australia. In A Brunon-Ernst, J Gligorijevic & D Manderson (eds), Law, surveillance and the humanities. Routledge: 216–234

Judicial Commission of New South Wales 2024. Equality before the law bench book. https://www.judcom.nsw.gov.au/publications/benchbks/equality/

Kilroy D, Lean T & Davis A 2023. Abolition as a decolonial project. In C Cunneen et al. (eds), The Routledge international handbook on decolonizing justice. Routledge: 227–234

Lockwood K, Hart T & Stewart A 2015. First Nations peoples and judicial sentencing: Main effects and the impact of contextual variability. British Journal of Criminology 55(4): 769–789. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azv005

Martin A, Smyth B & Downing M 2024. Human research ethics and integrity: A tale of respect, merit, justice, and beneficence. In B Smyth, M Martin & M Downing (eds), The Routledge handbook of human research ethics and integrity in Australia. Routledge: 3–13

McCalman J et al. 2006. ‘Doing good things for men’ – Ma’Ddaimba-Balas Indigenous Men’s Group evaluation report 2004–2005. Cairns: James Cook University

McCausland R & Baldry E 2023. Who does Australia lock up? The social determinants of justice. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 12(3): 37–53. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2504

McCausland R & Baldry E 2017. Understanding women offenders in prison. In J Ireland, C Ireland, M Fisher & N Gredecki (eds), The Routledge international handbook of forensic psychology in secure settings. Routledge. 25–39

McCausland R, McEntyre E & Baldry E 2018. Institutions of default and management: Aboriginal women with mental and cognitive disability in prison. In A Mills & K Kendall (eds), Mental health in prisons. Palgrave Macmillan: 185–210

McCausland R, McEntyre E & Baldry E 2017. Indigenous people, mental health, cognitive disability and the criminal justice system. Brief 22. Indigenous Justice Clearinghouse. https://www.indigenousjustice.gov.au/publications/indigenous-people-mental-health-cognitive-disability-and-the-criminal-justice-system/

McEntyre E, Lyons G, Johnson A & Dean K 2024. The living experience of First Nations peoples and forensic mental health systems: Listening to the deep stories behind the numbers. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 1–14

McLachlan K 2022. Using a trauma-informed practice framework to examine how South Australian judges respond to trauma in the lives of Aboriginal defendants. Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology 11(2): 181–210

Miles H, McAlister M & Bricknell S 2024. Deaths in custody in Australia 2023–24. Statistical Report no. 49. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. https://doi.org/10.52922/sr77772

Moore D 2014. Dog licence. ABC. https://www.abc.net.au/rightwrongs/story/dog-licence/

National Judicial College of Australia 2024. A national curriculum for Australian judicial officers, Unit 8: Australia’s Indigenous people. https://www.njca.com.au/units/unit-8/

National Museum of Australia 2024. The ‘dog collar’ acts. https://www.indigenousrights.net.au/civil_rights/albert_namatjira_and_citizenship,_1958-59/the_dog_collar_acts

Northern Territory Police, Fire and Emergency Services 2024. Northern Territory Police Commissioner delivers apology speech at Garma Festival. Media release, 3 August.  https://pfes.nt.gov.au/newsroom/2024/northern-territory-police-commissioner-delivers-apology-speech-garma-festival

O’Brien G 2021. Racial profiling, surveillance and over-policing: The over-incarceration of young First Nations males in Australia. Social Sciences 10(2): 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10020068

O’Brien G & Trudgett M 2018. School house to big house. The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 49(1): 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1017/jie.2018.13

Ogloff J et al. 2023. The impact of a short-term mental health intervention delivered in an Australian prison: A multi-cultural comparison. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 22(1): 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2022.2041772

Ore A 2023. Victoria’s police chief apologises for systemic racism and discrimination against Indigenous Australians. The Guardian, 8 May. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/may/08/victoria-police-force-apology-first-nations-chief-shane-patton-apologises-systemic-racism-discrimination-indigenous-australians

Piccione T 2025. Cop tells arrested Aboriginal boy: ‘You wouldn’t have the guts to neck yourself’. Canberra Times, 9 May. https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/8918728/cctv-reveals-police-treatment-of-aboriginal-teen-in-act-watch-house/

Porter A 2016. Why we should honour the humanity of every person who dies in custody. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/why-we-should-honour-the-humanity-of-every-person-who-dies-in-custody-57272

Porter A & Hannan C 2023. ‘Hero cop’ versus ‘unwanted son’: Criminal prosecutions against white police officers in relation to black deaths in custody and the Australian mainstream media. In M Bhatia, S Poynting & W Tufail (eds), Racism, violence and harm. Palgrave Macmillan: 87–105

Radke A 2018. Women’s yarning circles: A gender-specific bail program in one Southeast Queensland Indigenous sentencing court, Australia. The Australian Journal of Anthropology 29(1): 53–69

Reeve R, McCausland R, MacGillivray P & Robinson V 2024. Community-led diversion of Indigenous young people from the justice system: The role of government administrative data. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 76: 100650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2024.100650

Roettger M, Lockwood K & Dennison S 2019. Indigenous people in Australia and New Zealand and the intergenerational effects of incarceration. Brief 26. Indigenous Justice Clearinghouse. https://www.indigenousjustice.gov.au/publications/indigenous-people-in-australia-and-new-zealand-and-the-intergenerational-effects-of-incarceration/

Rose A et al. 2019. Psychological wellbeing, distress and coping in Australian Indigenous and multicultural prisoners: A mixed methods analysis. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 26(6): 886–903. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2019.1642259

Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody 1991. National report: Volume 1. https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/other/IndigLRes/rciadic/

Royal Commission into Violence, Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation of People with Disability 2023a. Final report. Volume 8: Criminal justice and people with disability. https://disability.royalcommission.gov.au/publications/final-report

Royal Commission into Violence, Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation of People with Disability 2023b. Final report. Volume 9: First Nations people with disability. https://disability.royalcommission.gov.au/publications/final-report

Russell E, Carlton B & Tyson D 2022. Carceral churn: A sensorial ethnography of the bail and remand court. Punishment & Society 24(2): 151–169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1462474520967566

Sanderson J, Mazerolle P & Anderson-Bond T 2011. Exploring bail and remand experiences for Indigenous Queenslanders: Final report. Griffith University.  https://www.premiers.qld.gov.au/publications/categories/reports/assets/exploring-bail-and-remand-experiences.pdf

Schultz R 2020. Closing the Gap and the sustainable development goals: Listening to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 44(1): 11–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12958

Sercombe H, Stanley C, Mundine K & Wolfenden H 2022. Decolonising the curriculum: Who is in the room? In S Young & K Strudwick (eds), Teaching criminology and criminal justice: Challenges for higher education. Palgrave: 225–248

Shelter WA 2023. New census data shows WA rough sleeping has doubled in five years and is the worst in Australia. Media release, 23 March. https://www.shelterwa.org.au/new-census-data-shows-wa-rough-sleeping-has-doubled-in-five-years-and-is-the-worst-in-australia/

Shepherd SM, Ogloff JRP & Thomas SDM 2016. Are Australian prisons meeting the needs of Indigenous offenders? Health and Justice 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40352-016-0045-7

Sherwood J et al. 2015. Who are the experts here? Recognition of Aboriginal women and community workers in research and beyond. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 11(2): 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/117718011501100207

Sherwood J & Mohamed J 2020. Racism a social determinant of indigenous health: Yarning about cultural safety and cultural competence strategies to improve indigenous health. In J Frawley, G Russell & J Sherwood (eds), Cultural competence and the higher education sector: Australian perspectives, policies and practice. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5362-2_9

Sheth-Patel A 2024. Commentary: Australia’s housing shortage: demand outstripping supply. JLL. https://www.jll.com.au/en/trends-and-insights/research/australias-housing-shortage-demand-outstripping-supply

Smyth B, Martin M & Downing M (eds) 2024. The Routledge handbook of human research ethics and integrity in Australia. Routledge

Snowball L, Roth L & Weatherburn D 2010. Bail presumptions and risk of bail refusal: An analysis of the NSW Bail Act. Bureau Brief no. 49. Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research. https://bocsar.nsw.gov.au/research-evaluations/2010/bb49-bail-presumptions-and-risk-of-bail-refusal-an-analysis-of-the-nsw-bail-act.html

Sotiri M, McCausland R, Reeve R, Phelan L & Byrnes T 2021. ‘They’re there to support you and help you, they’re not there to judge you’: Breaking the cycle of incarceration, drug use and release: Evaluation of the Community Restorative Centre’s AOD and reintegration programs. Report for NSW Health. Community Restorative Centre: University of NSW and NSW Government

Tomkins S & Harden A 2024. The AIATSIS code of ethics for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research. In B Smyth, M Martin & M Downing (eds), The Routledge handbook of human research ethics and integrity in Australia. Routledge: 83–95

Tubex H 2021. Throughcare for Indigenous peoples leaving prison. Decolonization of Criminology and Justice 3(1): 82–91. https://doi.org/10.24135/dcj.v3i1.37

Tubex H & Gately N 2025. Women’s pathways into prison: Cycles of harm. Women & Criminal Justice. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974454.2025.2532433

Tubex H, Rynne J & Blagg H 2020. Throughcare needs of Indigenous people leaving prison in Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 585. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. https://doi.org/10.52922/ti04237

Tuhiwai Smith L 2012. Decolonizing methodologies: Research and Indigenous peoples. Zed Books

Turnbull M 2016. Speech to Parliament on the 2016 Closing the Gap Report. https://www.malcolmturnbull.com.au/media/speech-to-parliament-on-the-2016-closing-the-gap-report

WA Justice Association 2023. Education in Western Australian prisons. 2023 Report. https://wajustice.org.au/education-in-western-australian-prisons

Walter M & Suina M 2023. Indigenous data, Indigenous methodologies and Indigenous data sovereignty. In S Swartz et al. (eds), Educational research practice in southern contexts: Recentring, reframing and reimagining methodological canons. Routledge: 207–220

Watego C 2021. Another day in the colony. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press

Weatherburn D, Doyle M, Weatherall T & Wang J 2024. Towards an understanding of Indigenous arrest. Trends & issues in crime and criminal justice no. 694. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology. https://doi.org/10.52922/ti77444

Weatherburn D & Snowball L 2012. The effect of Indigenous status on the risk of bail refusal. Criminal Law Journal 36(1): 50–57

Westerman T & Sheridan L 2020. Whole of community suicide prevention forums for Aboriginal Australians. Australian Psychologist 55(4): 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12470

Worldview 2024a. Driver program. https://www.worldview.org.au/driver-program/

Worldview 2024b. Worldview intensive program. https://www.worldview.org.au/worldview-intensive-program/

Worldview 2024c. WV Technologies wins NAIDOC 2023 Organisation of the Year. https://www.worldview.org.au/wv-technologies-wins-naidoc-2023-organisation-of-the-year/

Wunan 2024. Driver Training Programs. https://www.wunan.org.au/our-strategic-pillars/education/wunan-driver-training.aspx

Yoorrook Justice Commission 2023. Yoorrook for Justice: Report into Victoria’s child protection and criminal justice systems. https://www.yoorrook.org.au/reports-and-recommendations/reports