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Foreword | A juvenile pre-court diversion scheme was introduced in the Northern Territory in 2000. Administered by police, it uses warnings and conferences to divert selected juveniles from the court process. This paper reports on an analysis of Northern Territory police records on 3,597 apprehended juveniles over a 5 year period. Findings showed that the great majority of juveniles (76%) did not reoffend within the first year after their initial diversion or court appearance.

Bushfire arson imposes significant environmental and economic costs on Australia, but arsonists are difficult to catch and even more difficult to convict (Muller 2008). Two studies in the United States (US) sought to determine if an increase in the level of law enforcement intensity - more police officers per head of population - would help to reduce bushfire arson. In the first study, the relationship between arson and levels of law enforcement was analysed over 12 years in 27 US states (Donoghue & Main 1985).

See also: How the public see the police: an Australian survey - I

This paper presents an overview of some of the key emerging issues in Australian domestic and family violence (D/FV) research. In particular, the paper considers research in the context of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and intersex (GLBTI) communities; among the elderly; those with disabilities and people from cultural and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds; family violence and Indigenous communities; the relevance of homelessness; the impact of D/FV on children; and issues around perpetrator programs.

Foreword | Sexual offending against children is a highly emotive issue. It is nonetheless important that public policy initiatives to prevent and/or respond to child sexual abuse are based on the available evidence about child sex offenders.

Foreword | The Internet has increased the range, volume and accessibility of sexually abusive imagery, including child pornography. Child pornography depicts the sexual or sexualised physical abuse of children under 16 years of age. Australia has joined many other nations in an international effort to combat this multi-faceted global menace that combines both heavily networked and highly individualised criminal behaviour. This paper examines the typology of online child pornography offending, as well as law enforcement responses to the problem.

Proceedings of a conference held 27-29 October 1992

Contents

• Foreword
  Patricia Weiser Easteal
• Introductory address
  Sally Brown

Part 1: Overview

• Introduction to part 1: Overview
• Without consent: the aims, the insights, the aftermath
  David Goldie
• Rape and 'real rape'
  Joanne Spangaro
• Beliefs about rape: a national survey
  Dr Patricia Weiser Easteal
• Patterns of rape: a preliminary Queensland perspective
  Amanda Moran
• Only a witness

Australia's criminal justice system has been witness to significant transformation, primarily in response to a number of important factors including:

As Indigenous Australians constitute a small minority of the total Australian population, only very large scale or specially designed surveys will elicit large enough samples to produce robust estimates of the prevalence of illicit drug use. As a result there are only general indicators suggesting that Indigenous Australians use illicit drugs at a higher rate than the general population. The most recent national household drug use survey showed that 27 percent of Indigenous people had used illicit drugs in the previous 12 months, almost double the rate for rest of the population (15%).

Foreword | Using data from the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program, this paper explores involvement in intimate partner violence, and provides first-time results from face-to-face interviews with a group of 1,597 police detainees. The study found that the levels of intimate partner violence are much higher among this group (49%) than is found from general population surveys. More than two-thirds of the detainees who were involved in partner violence reported being both a victim and a perpetrator in the past 12 months.

Foreword | Once a trafficked person has exited an exploitative situation, they may require support to return and reintegrate into their chosen community. Using data contained in the International Organization for Migration Counter Trafficking Module, the recovery, return and reintegration experiences of Indonesian victims of human trafficking are examined in this paper. Understanding these experiences has important benefits in developing a better understanding of what assists returnees to recover and may decrease the likelihood of re-trafficking.

In recent years, electronic-based transactions have increased considerably in countries such as Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom. This is not surprising due to the reduced cost and increased speed of internet-based transactions in comparison with bricks-and-mortar-based transactions.

Electronic payment systems

Electronic payment systems can be broadly categorised as follows:

Contents

• What is child abuse?
• How widespread is the problem of child abuse?
• What are the effects of child abuse?
• What causes child abuse and who are the abusers?
• What has been done?
• What needs to be done in the future?
• How can this be achieved?
• Conclusion

A shocking new study released today by the Australian Institute of Criminology, unpacks the risks and experiences of underage adult-based platform use.

Most studies investigating motives for arson have noted the phenomenon of fires being lit by the very people entrusted by the community with fighting them. The incidence of malicious firesetting by firefighters is invariably portrayed in the literature as quite rare, although direct research is limited. The NSW police service's Strikeforce Tronto investigated some 1,500 suspicious fires from 2001 to 2004. It resulted in 50 people being charged, 11 of them volunteer firefighters.